NEW YORK: Inflammation, a known risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), may not be linked to red meat consumption as thought, finds a study.
Red meat is popular, accessible and palatable -- and its place in our diet has deep cultural roots. Given this, recommendations about reducing consumption should be supported by strong scientific evidence, which doesn’t yet exist, the researchers said.
“The role of diet, including red meat, on inflammation and disease risk has not been adequately studied, which can lead to public health recommendations that are not based on strong evidence,” said Dr. Alexis Wood, associate professor of paediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital.
The study sought to take a closer look by using metabolite data in the blood, which can provide a more direct link between diet and health. Plasma metabolites can help capture the effects of dietary intake as food is processed, digested and absorbed.
The team analysed cross-sectional data including participants’ self-reported food intake and several biomarkers captured from approximately 4,000 older adults.
The researchers found that when adjusted for body mass index (BMI), intake of unprocessed and processed red meat (beef, pork or lamb) was not directly associated with any markers of inflammation, suggesting that body weight, not red meat, may be the driver of increased systemic inflammation.
Of particular interest was the lack of a link between red meat intake and C-reactive protein (CRP), the major inflammatory risk marker of chronic disease. The findings were published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
“Our analysis adds to the growing body of evidence that indicates the importance of measuring plasma markers, such as metabolites, to track diet and disease risk associations, versus relying on self-reported dietary intake alone,” Wood said. “Our analysis does not support previous observational research associations linking red meat intake and inflammation.”
Because observational studies cannot indicate cause and effect, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) where individuals are randomly assigned to consume a dietary factor of interest or not consume it, are needed as an additional line of evidence to adequately understand if red meat does not alter inflammation.
Several RCTs have demonstrated that lean unprocessed beef can be enjoyed in heart-healthy dietary patterns.
“We have reached a stage where more studies are needed before we can make recommendations to limit red meat consumption for reducing inflammation if we want to base dietary recommendations on the most up-to-date evidence,” Wood said.