The scandal surrounding the convicted pedophile Jeffrey Epstein has dominated headlines around the world since the US Department of Justice released millions of files on the case federal prosecutors were preparing when he died in custody in 2019. Nearly a decade after the #MeToo movement, the affair has rightly returned the spotlight to the still under-reported abuse of women by men who feel that their wealth and power allow them to act with impunity. All this underscores the need to strengthen the protection of women’s rights.
But as policymakers in other countries work to address gender inequality, conditions for women and girls in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan continue to deteriorate, systematically destroying half the population’s hopes and ambitions by prohibiting them from education and employment. Worse still, Taliban officials have been allowed to act with little international condemnation.
Since the group’s return to power in 2021, campaigners have hoped that Muslim-majority countries would be able to pressure or persuade Afghanistan’s Kandahar-based clerical rulers to change their position. After all, Islamic teaching in fact promotes girls’ education and women’s employment. But so far, those efforts have also failed.
The Taliban regime, no longer content with merely excluding girls and women from schools and workplaces, has ramped up its misogyny with efforts to erase women’s visibility from public life. The enactment in January of a new criminal procedure code heralds the loss of basic legal protections and further entrenchment of repression and discrimination against women and girls. It is for those reasons that many observers now talk of the Taliban’s crimes as equivalent to gender apartheid.
The new code fails to criminalise many forms of physical, psychological and sexual violence against women. For example, it treats domestic abuse as a crime only in narrow circumstances, such as when a man leaves wounds, bruising or other visible injuries on his wife. Even then, the maximum punishment appears to be a 15-day jail sentence. This reflects the code’s broader shift toward placing a heavy burden of proof on abused women. That is why much of the scant coverage of the new legal framework has described it as “legalising domestic violence.”
At the same time, Afghanistan’s education ministry has let it be known that girls are to be permanently excluded from secondary education. As the Taliban’s war on women continues to plumb new lows, it is time to recognise, commend and provide support – financial and otherwise – to the organisations inside Afghanistan that, against the odds, continue to stand up for women’s rights and gender equality.
Thanks to the efforts of some of these groups, thousands of Afghan teenage girls now study in secret, often in underground classrooms. Free classes are offered in a range of subjects, from physics and biology to literature and journalism. Humanitarian aid has been crucial in helping to fund such initiatives.
Consider LEARN Afghan, an innovative NGO that now teaches about 2,500 girls in person in 19 unofficial schools across 18 provinces. Moreover, tens of thousands of Afghan girls have been able to continue their studies through its offline learning platforms and remote education initiatives. What began as a response to the Taliban’s education ban has grown into one of the largest women-led underground education movements in the world.
LEARN’s 2025 annual report shows how their courses have helped many Afghan girls gain confidence in their abilities and given them the determination to continue learning, even if it means studying abroad. The organization’s underground schools, sustained by the belief that the right to education is non-negotiable, have allowed young women to dream of professional lives as teachers, doctors, lawyers or whatever they choose.
So impressive is LEARN’s work that Education Cannot Wait, the global fund dedicated to education in emergencies and for displaced communities, now supports it. While the United States has regrettably withdrawn its support from ECW (I am a former chair), the organization’s European funders continue to ensure that as many Afghan girls as possible are supported by LEARN and other unofficial schools, online programs and refugee-education initiatives.
But continuing to stand up for gender equality in the face of repressive regimes requires resources. To that end, ECW will hold a replenishment conference in November. A new tranche of funding will be indispensable to educating girls in some of the world’s most vulnerable places.
As Pashtana Durrani, founder and executive director of LEARN, put it, “When girls are given the chance to learn, they do more than survive. They lead, they build and they carry their communities forward.” No country, least of all Afghanistan, can prosper without harnessing the talents of all its people. When girls and women are given the tools they need to realise their potential, everyone benefits.
Gordon Brown, a former prime minister of the United Kingdom, is World Health Organisation Ambassador for Global Health Financing
Project Syndicate