‘One in five Indians suffering from non-communicable diseases’

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors, said Dr Ramakant Panda, Vice-Chairman & Managing Director, Asian Heart Institute.

Dr Panda said the main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes.

The world’s leading cardio-vascular-thoracic surgeon and Padma Bhushan recipient said the main reason behind the increase in NCDs is the country’s traditional diet, which is high in salt. 

Other factors, including pollution, lifestyle and co-morbid conditions such as diabetes and stress, appear to be playing a role in the rising case of heart diseases.

He said the vulnerability of younger population is also increasingly significant, with almost a quarter of the population in 25-26 age group facing such diseases.

About the precautions people should take, Dr Panda referred to a diet for healthy heart. “Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke, eat a healthy diet that’s low in saturated fat, trans fat, refined carbohydrates and salt, and rich in fruit, vegetable, fish, and whole grains,” he added.

Dr Panda also advised to be physically active, sit less and exercise regularly and maintain body weight appropriate for your height.

Further talking about the diet, he said, “We can choose oils rich in MUFA, such as olive oil, canola oil, rice bran oil, groundnut oil and mustard oil. Sunflower oil, soya bean oil, sesame oil, safflower oil and corn oil should be consumed in rotation, while four almonds and two walnuts should be taken daily.

He said, “Consume skimmed milk/double toned, toned milk, cow’s milk, soya milk and milk products like curd, buttermilk, paneer/soya paneer (tofu) prepared from the above-mentioned milk types.” 

He also advised to increase fibre intake in the diet and said, “You get fibre by including the following in your daily diet: whole-wheat flour, jowar, bajra, ragi, whole pulses, fruits & vegetables.”

“Vegetables and fruits are low in calories, good sources of vitamins and minerals, and rich in dietary fibre, offering protection against heart disease. 

Dr Panda also advised to avoid fast food like burgers, pizzas, food preparation with sauces, butter and cheese. Fried snacks like vada pav, bhajia, samosa, pakoda and preparations containing egg-yolk such as mayonnaise, puddings, pastries, cakes, etc. 

Dr Panda also termed modern lifestyle as “improper lifestyle” and called it a major reason behind increase of NCD epidemic in India.