A majority of a panel of 16 judges found that the International Court of Justice, also known as the World Court, has jurisdiction in the dispute.
Iran brought the case in 2018 after President Donald Trump’s administration reimposed sanctions, following Trump’s decision to abandon a 2015 pact under which Iran accepted curbs to its nuclear programme.
New U.S. President Joe Biden has said he wants to return to that pact, although Tehran and Washington have yet to agree on the steps needed for that to happen.
The United States had tried to argue that Iran could not base claims at the World Court on a 1955 bilateral friendship pact. However judges found the treaty, signed decades before Iran’s 1979 Islamic revolution and the sharp deterioration in ties with Washington, could be used as a basis for the court’s jurisdiction.
“The court unanimously rejects the preliminary objections to its jurisdiction raised by the Unites States of America according to which the subject matter of the dispute does not relate to the interpretation or application of the Treaty of Amity,” presiding judge Abdulqawi Yusuf said.
Iran’s Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said on Twitter that the ruling was “another legal victory for Iran following 3 Oct. ‘18 Order”.
“Iran has always fully respected int’l law. High time for the US to live up to int’l obligations,” Zarif tweeted, in a clear reference to Tehran’s call on Biden administration to return to the nuclear pact and lift U.S. sanctions.
Other U.S. objections to the case were also dismissed, meaning Iran’s claim will move on to a hearing on the merits. A final decision would be likely to take several more years.
The ICJ’s rulings are binding, but it has no power to enforce them, and the United States and Iran are among a handful of countries to have ignored its decisions.
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