Pope Francis visits Egypt to promote 'unity and fraternity'

The 80-year-old pontiff touched down at Cairo airport before he was ushered in a car to meet Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, who welcomed him with a military brass band and priests lining up to greet the pope.

"It's a journey of unity and fraternity. Less than two days but very intense," he said of the 27-hour trip before disembarking. 

He will later meet Muslim and Christian leaders before visiting a church that was bombed in December. 

That attack was followed by twin church bombings in April that killed 45 people, in the deadliest assault in recent memory on the Coptic Christian minority. 

Francis will also meet Ahmed al-Tayeb, the grand imam of the prestigious Sunni institution Al-Azhar, sealing a recent improvement in relations between Catholicism and the Sunni branch of Islam. 

"This meeting will be an example and a model for peace precisely because it will be a meeting of dialogue," Francis said on the plane. 

Security will be extremely tight with Egypt under a state of emergency following the church bombings claimed by the Islamic State group. 

The head of the world's 1.3 billion Catholics will walk with Coptic Pope Tawadros II to the church where a suicide bombing killed 29 people in December. 

Police and soldiers stood guard outside the Vatican residence in Cairo on Friday and armoured cars were stationed outside the Coptic Orthodox Saint Mark's Cathedral, which Francis will also visit. 

All of the country's churches have been placed under additional protection because of the risk of another assault timed to coincide with Francis being in the country. 

Despite the dangers, Francis is expected to conduct most of his business in a normal vehicle and electric golf carts. 

"Please pray for my journey tomorrow as a pilgrim of peace to Egypt," Francis said on his Twitter account on the eve of his departure. 

Before his visit, some roads had been festooned with posters showing Francis against the backdrop of the Pyramids, with a message that read: "Pope of peace in the Egypt of peace." 

Francis will meet privately with the Grand Imam Tayeb, an Islamic philosophy professor who visited the Vatican last year and is considered one of the leading authorities in Sunni Islam. 

Francis is then due to give a speech in an international conference for peace organised by Al-Azhar, a seat of learning for 1,000 years as well as a celebrated mosque. 

John Paul II was the last pope to have visited Egypt in 2000, with his arrival also coming weeks after anti-Christian violence that killed about 20 Copts in January that year. 

Vatican dialogue with the Muslim world, a priority for this pope, was set back significantly when Francis's predecessor Benedict XVI made a speech in 2006 in which he was seen as linking Islam to violence. 

The now-retired German pontiff's 2011 comments condemning an attack on a Coptic church prompted Al-Azhar to denounce Benedict for meddling in Egypt's affairs. 

Francis will also meet today with Tawadros II at his seat in Saint Mark's Cathedral before visiting the nearby Coptic church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, the target of the December bombing claimed by IS. 

The attack was the deadliest targeting the Coptic community since the 2011 suicide bombing that killed 23 people in Alexandria. 

The pope will be joined at the international conference by Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, Archbishop of Constantinople, the spiritual leader of the Orthodox world and a close ally. 

Sisi has been criticised internationally for human rights abuses but is seen as something of a friend to Egypt's Christian minority. 

In 2015, he became Egypt's first head of state to attend a Christmas mass. 

The pontiff will tomorrow preside over a mass for the country's small Catholic community, estimated to number around 272,000 spread across various rites. 

Egypt's Copts, who make up about 10 percent of the country's population of 92 million, are the Middle East's largest Christian minority and one of the oldest. 

But they have suffered attacks throughout the years and many complain that they feel like second-class citizens.