Diversity of flora and fauna

• Biological diversity — or biodiversity — is the term given to the variety of life on Earth and the natural patterns it forms.
• A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat from humans. India is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of biodiversity. It completely houses two (the Western Ghats and the Himalayas). of the 34 biodiversity hotspot in the world. The third - Indo-Burma - lies partially within the Indian North-East. 
• This year the day will focus on ‘foundation for life and for the essential services provided by ecosystems’. 
• First celebrated in 1993, for its first seven years, IDB was celebrated on December 29. In 2000, the date was changed to May 22. A wide range of events are organised globally to increase the understanding of the important role of biodiversity in our future. 
• Activities include distributing information on biodiversity via schools, colleges, universities, newspapers, radio and television. Exhibitions and seminars for students, professionals and the general public are held. Showings of movies on environmental issues, presentations of programmes to preserve endangered species or habitats and planting trees and other plants that help prevent erosion are also conducted.

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